Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Cuba – Global Investigative Journalism Network

Challenges of Journalism in Exile: Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Cuba

by Carlos F. Chamorro for Global Investigative Journalism Network • October 7, 2024

These are the headlines of some of the main journalistic investigations that we have published in recent weeks in Confidencial, the independent media outlet that I founded 28 years ago in Nicaragua, and that I now run in exile from Costa Rica. (Confidential also recently joined the ranks of GIJN’s members.)

Our editorial office was raided twice by the police — without a court order — after a wave of social protests, followed by a violent repression against human rights, broke out in 2018. In 2021, the media outlet was illegally confiscated by the Daniel Ortega dictatorship .

All of our journalists were forced into exile to continue to do their journalism freely, and our independent sources of information are persecuted and threatened.

However, the news that we continue to publish about public corruption, the internal conflicts within the regime, the purges of high-ranking officials, the mass exodus of almost 10% of the population, and the use of Nicaragua as a springboard for the illegal export of migrants to the United States, are stories that no one hears about in the official press.

Our audiences, inside and outside Nicaragua, whether they are supporters or opponents of the regime, have an alternative source of information free from censorship, which also offers quality journalism to international audiences.

Behind each of these investigations is the talent of young journalists, who do not submit to censorship and self-censorship, and above all, the trust that sources, including public servants – civilians and military – maintain in the press in exile.

History is repeating itself in Cuba and Venezuela. Independent journalism from exile is a mirror of the dark clouds that threatens the press in Latin America, and it is also an example of the resilience of good journalism. Where the rule of law has collapsed, and where civil society is also under siege or on the verge of extinction, the only defense of the independent press lies in its own credibility.

In these three countries, dictatorships have criminalized freedom of the press and freedom of expression, to the point that journalists cannot identify themselves as such and must omit signatures from their articles to avoid being arrested.

In Nicaragua, journalist Víctor Ticay spent 17 months in prison, convicted of the alleged crime of “conspiracy” for having transmitted images of a religious procession on his Facebook account.

In Cuba and Venezuela, there are dozens of journalists in prison, accused of “terrorism” or “inciting hatred” for reporting on social protests or electoral fraud, and for expressing opinions on their social networks.

Meanwhile, the State exercises different forms of direct and indirect censorship, including blocking the internet to prevent access to independent media. Despite these extreme restrictions, the independent press survives through an ecosystem supported by journalism in exile.

The Inter-American Press Association (SIP) this year awarded the Grand Prize for Press Freedom 2024, its highest distinction, “in honor of colleagues and Latin American media (outlets) that are increasingly forced to move or emigrate due to the violence, threats , and persecution by criminal groups, corrupt officials, and authoritarian governments.”

SIP has documented a growing increase in the number of exiled journalists, “mainly from countries such as Nicaragua, Venezuela, Guatemala, Cuba, and Ecuador, and internally displaced people in Mexico and Colombia. The phenomenon also includes the editorial staff of Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela, some of whom have their operations abroad because they are victims of systematic persecution.”

The challenges to continue doing journalism in exile are monumental. The most urgent is to provide security to journalists and collaborators, who are at risk, and for the news sources to communicate through secure channels. The most complex is to achieve financial sustainability of the newsrooms in exile.

My colleague Luz Mely Reyes, editor in chief of Juego Cocuyo in Venezuela, advocates for identifying “host countries that provide special protection” to exiled journalists so they can continue doing their work, while Carlos Manuel Álvarez, director of El Estornudo in Cuba, proposes the creation of new “support networks” and forms of international financing for the press in exile, which “is no longer something transitory.”

Indeed, under the police state of authoritarian regimes, the press in exile is now a permanent condition. The onslaught of dictatorships against the press also poses a challenge to the international community: it is imperative to preserve the last reserve of all freedoms.

This article — which was first published by WAN-IFRA — was produced to mark World News Day, a campaign to draw attention to the need to preserve and promote independent journalism. It is republished with permission.

Carlos F. Chamorro is a renowned Nicaraguan journalist and editor of Confidencial. He went into exile in 2019, and settled in Costa Rica, from where he still runs Confidencial, working with a staff scattered in several countries. The website is supported by donations and grants, and is still producing investigative journalism.

This article first appeared on Global Investigative Journalism Network and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.